It is sheltered from the cold by Velebit, a mainland
mountain belonging to the Dinara massif, which ensures that the influx
of fresh and clean continental air reaches Rab at a pleasant Mediterranean
temperature. The average annual temperature varies between 7°C
in winter and 26°C in summer, remaining above 18°C for more
than 140 days a year.
Summer months are rendered more pleasant by a mild landward breeze,
maestral, while winters are chilly and dry owing to the seaward northeastern
wind, bora. The shores of the island are lapped by crystal-clear and
clean sea brought by the constant northbound stream coming from the
ecologically clean Mediterranean. The average temperature of the sea
around the island is 24°C in summer and 12°C in winter.
Along the northeastern coast of the island, resembling a high stone
wall, stretches the towering hill Kamenjak; it protects the rest of
the island from the direct influence of harsh continental air and
allows it to bask in the warm Mediterranean sun that shines on Rab
for over 2470 hours a year.
History of Rab
The
ancient name Arba, Arva, Arbia (mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny the
Elder, and in Tabula Peutingeriana) derives probably from the Illyrian
Arb, meaning dark, green, forested, which is a chief feature of
the island even today. In the 10th century the emperor Constantine
Porphyrogenitus calls it Arbe, the form later taken over by the
Italian language. The Croatian name Rab was first mentioned in 1446,
in a document on the establishment of the Franciscan monastery of
St. Euphemia in Kampor. Under the rule of Emperor August, Rab became
a Roman municipality. Already in the 5th century Rab was the seat
of the diocese. Croats inhabited Rab some time later than the other
islands because they had to conquer a well-organised local Roman
community. At the beginning of the 11th century Rab fell under the
rule of Venice for a short period, and then joined Croatia. At the
time, a free urban commune was established, a political form which
rendered the town and the island’s peace and economic boom
till 1409, after which the almost 400-year long rule of Venice followed.
Fragments of the Statues from the 14th century remain, containing
interesting political, communal and economic regulations. The diocese
was abolished in 1828. Rab started to recover economically around
the 1920’s, when it became a climatic and summer resort.
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